Exercise-1 (Unit product cost under variable and absorption costing)
Posted in: Variable and absorption costing (exercises)
Super Bike Manufacturing Company presents the following data for year 2016:
- Opening inventory: 0 Units
- Sales: 8,000 Units
- Production: 10,000 Units
- Closing inventory: 2,000 Units
- Direct materials: $240
- Direct labor: $280
- Variable manufacturing overhead expenses: $100
- Variable selling and administrative expenses: $40
- Fixed manufacturing overhead expenses: $1200,000
- Fixed selling and administrative expenses: $800,000
Required: Using the data given above, compute the unit product cost of one bike under:
- absorption costing system.
- variable costing system.
Solution:
Computation of unit product cost:
*1,200,000 / 10,000 = $120
The cost to manufacture one bike is $740 under absorption costing system and $620 under variable costing system.
Notice that the fixed manufacturing overhead cost has not been included while computing the cost of one bike under variable costing system.
Note for students: Selling and administrative expenses (both variable and fixed) are not relevant for the computation of unit product cost.
Am Grey Sadiki and am studying management accounting and have found this exercise very comprehensive and analytically done.
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I am a PGDA student attempting to become a CA and these examples of V.Costing and Absorption are laid out and explained the best I have seen (Better than Drury textbook). Very important at PGDA level to get maximum understanding of these topics based on how they flow into Standard costing and the questions we get asked about the decisions Management would make from these different methods of costing. Thankyou.
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just curious where the $120 comes from for fixed overhead expenses? if anyone can please help!
Student in management banking and finance, thanks for your presentation, it is easy to understand.
Welcome Jek Kowet; it is our aim to make management accounting topics simple and easy to understand for visitors like you.
This is very interesting. I’ll check out some of your other exercises for other accounting subjects.. thank you.
Thank you for the above calculations of unit product cost under two costing systems. The example you have given is very simple and easy to understand the basic concept. But we need the solution of some advanced or complicated situations for the preparation of our exams.
Please see variable costing exercises and variable costing problems. pages.
Please can someone help me out with and assignment here please
I need a full income statement under direct and full costing approach.
Thank you very much. I really appreciate your questions and answers concerning these two aspect of costing.
Thank your for your comment Samuel.
Hi,
Your explanations are very organized. I have one confusion here, hope you could help solve it:
While calculating the “Variable Cost of Good Manufactured”, (either under Absorption or Variable) the “per unit price” is sometimes being multiplied by the “Produced”, while at other times by the units “Sold”.
Why is the difference, and what determines which of the above should the Unit costs be multiplied by?
Would be really glad if you could assist.
Thanks
Hi Navonil,
When we compute cost of goods manufactured, we multiply the number of units produced during the period by “per unit manufacturing cost”.
When we compute cost of goods sold we multiply the number of units sold during the period by “per unit manufacturing cost”.
In above exercise (exercise-1), the total number of units produced during the period is 10,000 and total number of units sold during the period is 8,000. We can compute cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold as follows:
If variable costing is used:
Variable cost of goods manufactured: (10,000 units)×($620) = $6,200,000
Variable cost of goods sold: (8,000 units)×($620) = $4,960,000
If absorption costing is used:
Cost of goods manufactured: (10,000 units)×($740) = $7,400,000
Cost of goods sold: (8,000 units)×($740) = $5,920,000
Sometime cost of goods manufactured becomes a part of the cost of goods sold calculations. Do not confuse with that. The cost of goods sold figure can also be worked out as follows:
If variable costing is used:
Variable cost of goods sold:
Variable cost of goods manufactured + Beginning inventory – Ending inventory
= {(10,000 units)×($620)} + {(0 units)×($620)} – {(2,000 units)×($620)}
= $6,200,000 + $0 – $1,240,000
= $4,960,000
If absorption costing is used:
Variable cost of goods manufactured + Beginning inventory – Ending inventory
= {(10,000 units)×($740)} + {(0 units)×($740)} – {(2,000 units)×($740)}
= $7,400,000 + $0 – $1,480,000
= $5,920,000
Hi,
Really appreciate the lucid explanation provided. There is now a clarity in my mind on how to proceed – can’t thank you enough for clearing this up.
Could you please also provide an example when “Cost of Goods Manufactured” = “COGS,” which UNITS do we use to multiply the “unit product cost” by in this case, PRODUCTION or SALES? What would be the determining factor for this?
Thanks.
Cost of goods manufactured (COGM) represents the total manufacturing cost of all the units manufactured during a certain period and cost of goods sold (COGS) represents the total manufacturing cost of all the units sold during the year. No matter weather units produced and units sold are equal or not, we do our calculations according to above explanation.
Thanks a ton…really appreciate your help…
You are welcome.
Thanks for Understandable calculation .
I wish I know of this site before now, is a management student companion.
Thanks
Thank you very much. Using this site and working on some exercises, I am now able to differentiate between Variable costing and Absorption costing.
Good examples! very easy to understand and serves quick reference for review!
Awww, very easy to understand.. Thanks ,,,
Would you please work out the following e.g. for me, using the traditional absorption costing method? Company A produces three products, A, B and C. 20000 units of product A, 1500 units of product B and 400 units of product C have been produced. Selling prices are $30, $70 and $120. Materials $5, $20 and $45. Labour $10, $15 and $20. Labour hours per unit = 2, 4 and 5. Machine hours per unit 2, 2 and 2. The total overheads are $240,000. How can we draw up profit for each of the product.
Thanks in advance,
What is Cost Center and Cost Unit in absorption Costing
Does opening inventory has impact over Fixed manufacturing overhead (per unit) under absorption costing?
Hi Accounting for Management,
Yes this example with its solution was well understood
Thanks much
Berry
thank you for your help in management accounting but we want full notes of management accounting provided by your site.thank you again
What if all the cost are fixed what will be the computation for variable costing?
pleas what is different type of unit product need different type of overhead absorption method explain
Hi, how would we calculate the selling price
lt is relevant presentation basing on the topic you have managed to present to ud
thanks for clear presentation . you are great .you made my life easier
how to calculate unit production cost under absorption costing, if both fixed manufacturing overhead and fixed manufacturing overhead expense is not given?
kindly reply.
regards,
@Ayaz Siddiqui
We include fixed manufacturing overhead in unit product cost under absorption costing system but not under variable costing system. It is the basic difference between absorption costing and variable costing system. However, if no fixed manufacturing overhead is given in the question, the unit product cost under absorption costing would be computed by adding up the direct materials, direct labor and variable manufacturing overhead only. In that case the unit product cost under absorption costing and under variable costing should be the same.
Hi
Could you solve this for me.
Joseph Company manufactures a single product and has the following cost structure:
Variable costs per unit
Direct materials P72
Direct labor P96
Variable manufacturing overhead P24
Variable selling and admin. P48
Fixed costs per month
Fixed overhead P2,400,000
Fixed selling and admin. P1,400,000
The Company produces 24,000 each month.
Required:
– Determine the unit product cost under variable costing and absorption costing.
– Assuming there are no beginning inventories and 24,000 units were produced and 23,600 units were sold in a month. If the unit selling price is P420, what is the net income under absorption costing and variable costing?